EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Technological advancements have resulted in a variety of breakthroughs, a preponderance of which has been evident over the past decades by the growth of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and the evolution of the Internet. These ICT and Internet-driven developments are actualised in almost all facets of life and the ensuing transformations have resulted in heavy dependence on the cyber domain. In Nigeria, the evolution, growth and adoption of ICT and the Internet has been at an accelerated pace since the turn of the 21st Century. The country has predominantly embraced ICT and the Internet to drive new initiatives and reach new milestones. A reflection of this is apparent in the high rate of adoption of new technologies, the proliferation of foreign-based technology conglomerates in the Nigerian market as well as the rising number of indigenous technology firms across the country. These new dependencies have transformed Nigeria’s cyber domain to a potent game changer in the affairs of peace, security and economic progression. Essentially, the Nigerian economy, government functions and the provision of essential services now rely on the integrity of cyberspace. This new digital era presents significant opportunities to enhance Nigeria’s readiness for global economic competitiveness and repositioning for national development.

However, there are several downsides attributed to the widespread use of the cyber domain. Some of these downsides, which are also reflected on the global scale, have profound implications for the nation’s security and economic wellbeing. From the threats posed by cybercrime and cyber terrorism, to the dangers emanating from cyber espionage and the use of Internet social media for propagatio of hate speech and seditious messages, as well as the risks of breaches to sensitive personal and government data, it is almost impossible to overstate the challenges. In the light of these dynamic challenges and threats, it is crucial for the Nigerian cyber ecosystem to undergo major periodic reforms to better position the nation to effectively harness the benefits of the digital revolution.

Therefore, it is not coincidental that the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) developed a national framework for cybersecurity following the approach of several other countries and in line with the exigent national priorities and realities of the country. This national framework, codified as the National Cybersecurity Policy and Strategy, set the clear direction for coordination of Nigeria’s cybersecurity engagements in recognition of cyberspace as the fifth domain, and as part of efforts to protect the national interests and sovereignty of the country. Furthermore, with due cognisance of the dynamic nature of threats in cyberspace, provisions were made for review and update of the National Cybersecurity Policy and Strategy, every 5 years in line with global best practices.